Francisco Maniago

FRANCISCO MANIAGO

(Pampanga, c. 1660)

A leader of the village in Mexico, Pampanga, who led a revolt in protest against forced labor and confiscation of rice by the Spaniards. He blocked the mouths of the rivers of Pampanga to stop commerce with Manila. His rebellion ended with the acceptance of his demands by the Spaniards.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).

Apolinario Dela Cruz (Hermano Pule)

APOLINARIO DELA CRUZ

(Tayabas, d. 1814-1841)

A deeply religious man, he was known as Hermano Pule. Being a native he was refused entry into the clergy. He later founded a religious confraternity known as the Confradia de San Jose in which the members worshipped according to their own conscience. His organization gained popularity spreading to Tayabas (now Quezon), Laguna and Batangas. He aroused the jealousy of the Spanish clergy which denounced him as a heretic and a filibuster. The Confradia was ordered to disband by the Spanish authorities and an order for the arrest of its leader was issued triggering a rebellion. Hermano Pule was captured and executed. His decapitated head was placed on a bamboo stake on the road to Majayjay to instill fear among the people.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).

Datu Ache

DATU ACHE

(Sulu, c. 1638)

A Tausug chieftain, who commanded Sultan Bongsu's force of warriors in repelling an armada of 80 ships with 600 Spaniards and 3,000 Filipino allies led by Governor Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera on January 4, 1638.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).

Diego Silang

DIEGO SILANG

(Ilocos, d. 1730-1762)

Working as a mail courier between Manila and Vigan, Ilocos Sur, he was witness to the excesses of the Spaniards. During the British invasion of Manila, he urged his provincemates to arm themselves against the British and at the same time demanded the abolition of forced labor and tribute. His actions were misinterpreted as rebellion and he was imprisoned. Upon his release he led a revolt which spread to Pangasinan and Cagayan. He also allied himself with the British to gain diplomatic support. Fearing his growing power, the Spaniards had him treacherously assassinated by his friend Miguel Vicos on May 28, 1763.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).

Mateo Cariño

MATEO CARIÑO

(Cordillera, c. 1898)

The Ibaloi Chieftain of Benguet who led a successful revolt against the Spanish garrison in La trinidad in 1898. Aguinaldo made him "captain" of Baguio and head of the Igorot army.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).

Datu Amai Pakpak

DATU AMAI PAKPAK

(Lanao, d. 1895)

The Chief of Marahui (Marawi), Datu Amai Pakpak was also known as Datu Akadir who bravely resisted the Spanish campaigns to subjugate Lanao. He was killed while defending his cotta during the Blanco campaign in 1895.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).

Gregorio Aglipay

GREGORIO AGLIPAY

(Ilocos Norte, 1860-1940)

A former Catholic priest who championed the Filipinization of the Philippine Catholic Church after the execution of Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos and Fr. Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA). He was the Vicar General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army and represented Ilocos Norte as one of the framers of the Philippine Constitution at Malolos and member of the revolutionary congress. He also fought in the Filipino-American War and one of the last generals to surrender to the Americans.

* Photos taken by GBJ at the Luneta (Rizal Park), Manila, on the morning of December 30, 2022 (Rizal Day).